Changes Due to English Evolution Affect Integrity of the...

Catholic leaders had control of the Holy Bible without many recorded challenges for more than one thousand years, according to several historical documents. Church authorities told church members they could neither read nor interpret the text themselves. The principles clergy taught in church were what churchgoers often believed. Eventually, a high-ranking German monk named Martin Luther challenged church officials in the 16th century and began reading and interpreting the Scriptures. As he studied the Bible, he found many faults in the Catholic Church’s teachings and believed everyone should have an opportunity to read the Bible himself or herself and determine what the Bible meant. During this Protestant Reformation period, many churches†¦show more content†¦There are some valid reasons for updating the words and sentence structure of the Bible’s text, but there are also reasons to leave the passages as close to their original meaning and syntax as possible. Hillel Halkin, in his article Doing Justice to the Bible, writes that new translations were â€Å"driven by two motivating forces. [First, there was a] desire to apply to Bible translation the new philosophical, archaeological, and historical knowledge that modern scholarship had made available. [Second, scholars wanted] to adopt a freer approach to a Hebrew and Greek text no longer considered the revealed truth but rather, in the spirit of the 20th century, a great cultural and spiritual document composed by different authors in different periods and best approached with the flexibility that any good literary translation should have† (55). While these two proposals seem like a good idea for most manuscripts, the Bible is not just another book. Those of the Christian faith often acknowledge the Bible as a sacred book inspired directly by God. In Hebrews 4:12 of the New International Version of the Bible, the collection of books describes itself as â€Å"living and active. S harper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, dividing joints and marrow; it judges the attitudes and thoughts of the heart.† The Bible has become so influential that it became the first book translated into more than one language, and it has beenShow MoreRelatedMedieval Period – Feudal System and Architecture3601 Words   |  15 Pagesdesign. The designs for these buildings did no simply materialize out of thin air. These ideas evolved from concepts derived from various cultures. The interaction between the feudal system and the architecture of the medieval times influenced the evolution of the later designs. The early architecture of England starts off with the Carolingian family, who dominated most of Western Europe politics. 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For the Rasta, the land mass of Africa, one of the poorest continents on earth, is the promised land. 11. Finally, Rastas seem to harbor a great deal of anger against white people, and yet the religion is accepted and popular among some whiteRead MoreBanking Concepts and Practices39548 Words   |  159 PagesXITE, Gamharia Banking Concepts Practice [Paper 11: Elective II, Academic Session 2011-12] 1. Evolution of Banking: Bank-Meaning, Definition, Features Classification, Concept of Different Types of Banking System, Overview of Indian Banking System 2. Commercial Bank: Basic Concept of Commercial bank, Role of Commercial bank in Financial System, Credit Control by Central Bank 3. Central Bank: Meaning, Functions, Methods of Credit Control 4. Monetary Policy: Meaning, ObjectivesRead MoreElectronic Media vs Print (Thesis Paper)13276 Words   |  54 PagesMedia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦32 Newspapers: Top Dog to Under Dog†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦37 Origins of Newspapers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦37 Personal Journalism: When Newspapers Shaped Public Opinion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦39 Downward Spiral of Newspapers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦40 Conformity to Change - Newspapers: The â€Å"Comeback Kid†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦43 Newspapers Adjusts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..46 Newspapers Online†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.48 The Comeback Kid?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.50 Section 3: The People Speak†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.54 Survey Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreWage and Salary Chapter 112487 Words   |  50 Pagesconnected with Cats matter? 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An Introduction To The Biometric Authentication System And...

block access to the card and its credentials. In the meantime, a temporary alternative must be established for communication between the authority and the user. Fig.4 shows how a message is used for authentication. If the mobile number is duplicated or the phone is tapped,the confirmation message reaches two people.In that case there is very high chance for the confirmation to be granted by the wrong person.Then, there must exist another level of security like a security question which was given to the user in the time of issuing the card.Or it can also ask for confirmation by asking the date of expiry of the card,as this bit of information might not be accessible to the fraud. And also a default message stating probable misuse must be†¦show more content†¦It is sometimes possible to replicate someone’s voice and use them for malpractice.In such cases,we can use other biometric methods. Fingerprints and retinas are unique to each individual. The card swiping machine can be connected to a biometric sensor system or a retinal scanner which acts as a confirmation for the transaction. For this method,the user’s database must be fed into the template database of the bank.As soon as the card is swiped,the biometric sensor receives the data of the user by scanning the fingerprint or retina and checks for a match in its database.The transaction can be successful only if the match exists,that is only if the identity of the person is stored in the bank template database.In case the scanned result does not match with any of the existing database ,then the system should generate a message that can be sent to the registered mobile and the auxiliary mobile number, thus making the user aware in case of any discrepancies.Along with the biometric scanned data,the user must answer a question in order to make the transaction successful,just to be on the safer side. The bank canShow MoreRelatedLiterary Review:Efficacy Of Biometric Passive Authentication1135 Words   |  5 PagesReview: Efficacy of Biometric Passive Authentication Methods These days, users have been faced with an ever-increasing number of passwords and the cognitive restrictions associated with them. Furthermore, authenticating with typical passwords means checking the user’s identity once and never questioning who utilizes a system after that process has finished. Nevertheless, new strides have been made in passive authentication, which would allow users to authenticate with a system continuously throughoutRead MoreBiometric Codes And Biometric Identification1637 Words   |  7 Pages Biometric Encryption Krishna Kumar D1304(11302033) Rajesh Kumar Thakur Meena Kumari Chandan Pathania Lovely Professional University, Punjab Introduction: A biometric is defined as a unique, measurable, biological characteristic or trait which is used to identify individuals. Most widely used biometric characteristics to identify individuals include Face, Fingerprint, Hand geometry, Retina, Iris, Voice etc. Biometric identification consists of two stages: †¢ Enrollment:Read MoreKey Role For The User Authentication1226 Words   |  5 Pages Section 1 Introduction: User Authentication plays the key role for the users to make use of the resources available in any given Environment. With the advancements in technology, it has become quite easy for a person to find out ways to access the data of the other person. It is very important to verify the true identity of the person trying to access his/her data. The concerned organization or the business group has to make sure that the person trying to access is the right user of theRead MoreUsing Elliptic Curve Cryptography ( Huang, 2015 )1413 Words   |  6 Pagesallowing/requiring their employees to work and connect remotely, authentication plays a key role in the security of a corporation. With sensitive data being available outside of a localized network, it is important to verify the identity of connecting employees in a secure and encrypted way to prevent interception by attackers that would hope to gain by a lapse in security. There are different methods for which this authentication can be achieved. Some are more secure than others but all shouldRead MoreComputer Security And The Technology1273 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: As time has gone on, society has advanced and the age of the computer came about, bringing its own advantages and concerns. One such concern was the question of computer security and personal information staying safe. It seems there has always been some form of computer security, however this form is dynamic, always changing and advancing. This is due to the fact that the technology that is made to bypass security is changing and advancing just as rapidly. Such as the progressionRead MoreAccess Control Policy1679 Words   |  7 PagesAssociate Level Material Appendix F Access Control Policy Student Name: Charles Williams University of Phoenix IT/244 Intro to IT Security Instructor’s Name: Tarik Lles Date: December 4, 2011 Access Control Policy Due in Week Seven: Outline the Access Control Policy. Describe how access control methodologies work to secure information systems Access control is used to restrict operations, which authorized users can perform. Access control does exactly what it says, it controlsRead MoreSecuring Healthcare Networks Against Cyber Attacks Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesenhancing the security and privacy of the hospital’s network. This paper proposes certain security mechanisms for a more controlled and safer access to the healthcare provider’s network, thus being aware of every device trying to access the network and making sure only authorized devices are able to connect, with the help of measures such as, intrusion detection systems to continuously monitor the network, firewalls to ensure endpoint devices comply with security policies and biometrics for identityRead MoreSecurity Issues Facing Online Banking1480 Words   |  6 PagesThere are security issues facing online banking and can these concerns be addressed. Introduction: Current technology is evolving fast, which brings new dimensions to people’s daily life. Moreover, network technological innovation not only brings huge economic benefits to the bank, but also has brought new needs for the requirements of online banking. The interaction between user and bank has been substantially enhanced by deploying computer operations, which not only reduce the cost of bank serviceRead MoreFingerprint Recognition : Fingerprint Identification Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesrefers to the automated method of identifying or confirming the identity of an individual based on the comparison of two fingerprints. Fingerprint recognition is one of the most well known biometrics, and it is by far the most used biometric solution for authentication on computerized systems.Fingerprint authentication describes the process of obtaining a digital representation of a fingerprint and comparing it to a stored digital version of a fingerprint. Electronic fingerprint scanners capture digitalRead MoreApplication Of Using Smart Card3799 Words   |  16 Pagesimplement it utilizing three factor authentication scheme combines a one-time secret key plan for customer validation (one time password), biometric password and secure flash card (smart card). Our fundamental design contemplations were security, execution, convenience, accessibility, and scale. Biometric scan can be implemented using smart card. The created secure flash card has tamper resistant module, which contains client validation data and security keys, thus the system is highly secure. The point

Julius Caesar An Expository Essay Example For Students

Julius Caesar An Expository Essay Throughout the play, Julius Caesar, opinions over important mattersclash. Brutus and Cassius, both senators of Rome, have two completelydifferent ways of looking at matters. Brutus, an idealist, has a more naveway of looking at things. He tends to see only the good in a person. Cassius, on the other hand, is a realist. He sees what is really there. Cassius is the lead conspirator in the play, showing that he is all forself advance. Brutus is the only one who isnt plotting to kill Caesar forselfish purposes. Brutus has the good of Rome in mind, not himself. Brutusand Cassiuss characters come out vividly in three separate arguments theyhave in the play. The first major argument they have is about killing MarcAntony, a close friend of Julius Caesar. Brutus doesnt and Cassius does. The second major argument the have is after the death of Julius Caesar. Brutus wants Antony to speak at Caesars funeral but Cassius disagrees. Thelast argument they have proves to be fatal to both Brutus and Cassius. Theydispute over battle tactics at Sardis, the Plains of Philippi. Shakespearewas wonderful at showing the high and low points of two different people,Brutus and Cassius. The first major argument that occurs in this play happens when theconspirators are deciding whether or not to kill Marc Antony. Antony is avery close friend of Julius Caesar. One could say he was riding hiscoattails. Cassius sees Antony as a threat to their purpose, and of course,wants him gone because he is only after his own advancement. Cassius alsoknows that if Julius Caesar is killed, Antony will avenge his death by anymeans possible. Antony has Caesars army pretty much in his power, andcould give the combined troops of Brutus and Cassius a run for their money. He knows that Antony is power hungry. In Cassiuss mind, Antony will useany leverage he can get to gain power. He has already ridden the coattailsof Caesar to get to the stage he is presently at, and that he will useCaesars death to overthrow the conspirators and move higher up into power. Since Cassius is a realist, he sees people for what they are, not for whatthey appear to be. He sees Antony as an opportunist and very intelligent. He knows that Antony covers up his intelligence by being a reveler, or aplayboy. Cassius believes Antony should be killed; just to be sure thereare no complications after the murder of Julius Caesar. Brutus completelydisagrees with Cassius. Brutus cant see past the faade Antony puts up. Hethinks that Antony is an unintelligent reveler. Brutus thinks Antony wontdo anything about Caesars death, that he will accept it, as the whole ofRome would, after being explained. Brutus also doesnt want the episode tolook like a bloodbath. He doesnt want to unnecessarily kill anyone. Hewants the death of Julius Caesar to be thought of as a purging ratherthan a murder. After all, Brutus thinks he is saving Rome of a dictator. Hewould kill Antony also if he thought he had any power to rise up againstthe conspirators. Brutus also thinks that if Antony is so attached toCaesar and is so hurt by his loss, that he will commit suicide to be withhim. In my opinion, Brutus is a little too nave. He is blind t o the factthat Antony is hiding being the mask of a playboy. Cassius seems to knowand understand Antony better. He sees right through the faade. In a caseso sensitive as this, I would side with Cassius to be safe. To side withBrutus would be like diving into a pool, not knowing how deep it is. Catcher in the Rye - Holden Caulfield EssayCassius, overall, believes if they wait on the mountain for the enemy tocome to them, they will still be rested, while the foe is worn out from thehike up the mountain. They will still have the land advantage and theknowledge of the area. Reflecting over the argument, I would side withCassius again. Even though having a psychological advantage against theopposition is a great thing to have, a well-rested army is needed just asmuch. If they know the land well, and the forces are healthy, they have amuch better chance of coming out victorious than if they march all the waydown the mountain to fight in an open battlefield. It seems as if Brutuswasnt thinking clearly, or he was stuck on the other, minor advantagesthey would gain going down the mountain. After Cassius finds out aboutBrutuss wifes death, he doesnt want to fight anymore. He doesnt wantto make matters worse for Brutus by quarreling with him further, so he gavein. Pathetic fallacy also had a role in his surrender to Brutus. His camphad an eagle visiting every day for a couple of weeks. This is a good sign. When the eagle didnt come back, and scavengers like crows and hawks tookits place, Cassius believed something was up. Much like an owl in the cityin the daytime, the presence of scavengers in a camp is a bad omen. Cassiusalso mentions that it was his birthday, and he just didnt have a goodfeeling about anything. At the end of the play, both Cassius and Brutuskill themselves. Cassius feels he has betrayed his friend, and Brutusrefuses to be caught by Antonys army. I have actually caught myself thinking about what mightve happenedif Cassius hadnt given into Brutus on one or more of the disagreements. How would things have changed if just one time he hadnt given in? Wouldthey have had to go through the entire ordeal with the crowds if they wouldhave knocked off Antony at their first disagreement? If they let Antonylive, but not speak at the funeral, would they have had to flee the cityafter their second quarrel? If they waited on the mountain for the opposingforces to come to them, would they have won the war, or at least postponedtheir defeat? It all comes down to an idealist and a realist. 1/07/04

Survey Of Romantic Versus Realism Paintings Essay Research Paper Example For Students

Survey Of Romantic Versus Realism Paintings Essay Research Paper Fantasy and reality occupy our worlds everyday. One sees this world around himself and he retreats to what he wishes it was. Why shouldnt he paint about it? The portrayal of fantastic and realistic notions occupied the activity of painters from the mid 1800s to the 20th century. The period of Romantic painting lies roughly from the mid 1700s to the mid/later 1800s, while paintings from the movement of Realism are grouped from the mid 1800s to the 1900s. The aspect of a Romantic compositions balance is characterized by diagonals and tension. Disproportion, imbalance and a feeling of pushing and pulling within the depth of the composition can also be observed. While movement and activity is characteristic of Romantic paintings, a still, quiet, stationary behavior epitomizes Realism paintings. In Eugene Isabeys Boat Ashore at Calas 1851, simple romantic elements comprise the piece: diagonals and smoke. A main diagonal line emphasizes the downward slope of a shore lined with beached boats resting upon the sand. A challenging inferior diagonal line of a small group of people and their dinghies cross the main diagonal flow. We will write a custom essay on Survey Of Romantic Versus Realism Paintings Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The two lines of tension resolve at the lower center of the composition highlighting the main, looming subject a dark massive apparition of a docked, freight boat enshrouded by blackening smoke. This is in contrast to Gustave Courbets depiction of sea life in The Calm Sea 1869. The painting resembles a high resolution black and white photograph. Realistic elements are the stationary flatness of the horizon and the solitary presence of two single beached boats. The portrayal of the shoreline, horizon and cloud formation is horizontally stable, thus emphasizing the calmness of the sea. Baron Antoine-Jean Gros Murat Defeating the Turkish Army 1805 is a composition which presents an overwhelming flow of diagonal tension. Murat is centered in the composition uprightly astride on his horse, while the Turkish army surrounds him in every conceivable contortion of agony. The Turkish general faces Murat, yet he is positioned diagonally right below Murat in an inferior military pose. Compared to Murat, Courbets Bonjour Monsieur Courbet 1854 finds a very stable balance in the subject of two men saying good-bye to another man. The subject can be divided by the two men on the left and the backpacked man on the right. Stability is emphasized by the strong vertical presence of the men in direct contrast to the flat planed background. The use of balance and tension in Romanticism and Realism is not restricted to its compositional flow but also to the the painters use of his palette. The use of color in Romantic paintings is bold visually and figuratively. Its usage is implemented to represent a feeling or an ideal. The presence of a color may not be realistically representative. For example, if the blood of a corrupt official is painted, it might be painted black or green, rather than red. There is also a heavy application of paint from the brush. The presence of a blurring smoke is also present in much of Romantic paintings. Blurring smoke has many uses, although its usual function is to detach and glorify the main subject from the rest of the background. Color in Realism is highly refined. Color defines the object and is representative of colors in real life a persons blood will usually be red. Lighter brushstrokes are implemented conservatively to represent a true visual representation of reality. The use of color representation can be observed in Gros Murat and Courbets Bonjour. The victorious Murat is clothed in blue and white upon a white horse, surrounded by the perishing Turkish swirls of orange and red. Anything that is orange or red around Murat is in a pose of impaled misery. All orange and red is contorted to reveal the imposing presence of Murat. In Bonjour, colors stay inside their lines. The colors used on the mens clothing are very specific to reveal the texture of the clothing. .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a , .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a .postImageUrl , .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a , .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a:hover , .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a:visited , .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a:active { border:0!important; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a:active , .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u985f1715142be7b7c55f733d8ca3590a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Magical Realism Literature Literary Criticism Magi EssayThis restriction of color succeeds in giving the painting a quaint realistic candidness. The contrasting use of clouds and smoke can be noted in the romantic works of Gros Murat and Francois Bouchers Venus and Mars 1754 and The Rape of Europe 1732 against the realistic works of Courbets The Calm Sea. In Europe, Bouchers purpose of the clouds is to make comfortable the reclining baby cherubs. What type of clouds can support one infant baby let alone three? not realistic clouds, but romantic clouds. Obviously it is an unrealistic perception of the behavior of clouds. Also note the treatment of clouds in Murat and Europe to the Sea. In Murat, clouds conveniently converge identically and symmetrically from the shore and the sea to separate Murat upon the Turks from the fantastic background. The clouds intentionally converge over certain scenes of violence over others. While in the Sea, specific details are stippled to create the lining and forming of a cumulonimbus. The clouds are clearly separated from the horizons of the seashore and sealine. Courbet seeks to recreate perceptually what one would actually see at this dismal sight and persuades convincingly. The contrast of colors in reality and fantasy are also affected by the intensity of their hue. The use of light in Romantic paintings presents a stark contrast between light and very dark shadows. The source of light in Romanticism is usually artificial and intentional. Its purpose is to highlight the main subject. In Realism, many shades of a color are used to present the object as it is truly perceived. The light is a reproduction of a natural source and forms the outline of the object. There is very little blurring or smoke. Gros Napoleon Bonapart Visits the Plague Stricken at Jaffa can be contrasted to Courbets Deer in the Forest 1868. The Romantic technique of stark contrast between light and dark is used to separate Napoleon from the plague stricken. Opposite of Realisms use of a natural light source, the main subject of Napoleon and two naked men are artificially and purposefully spotlighted in an otherwise very dark hallway. The Deer of Courbet finds an interesting use of light upon the triangle relationship between the two deer and the large tree. The main subject is a dear climbing up a tree, yet, the deer is completely covered in shadow. The interest lies in the use of bright spots of light speckling the deers backside from the dense collection of tiny leaves above. The touch is realistically effective. The shadows in Deer are also more realistic than romantic. When one perceives something far away, the blurring of the detail turns into a bluish green hue. Courbet recaptures that hue in the backgrounds of trees. The picture looks like a high resolution photograph. Also note the realistic behavior of light in John Singer Sargents Venetian Interior 1850-2. In this painting two modestly dressed Italian ladies walk toward the painter arm in arm down a relatively bare hallway with two sources of light present: one behind the ladies leading to outside activity and one out of the picture between the painter and the ladies, casting light upon their feet. The women are dark and they somewhat recall impressionist technique, yet the intriguing element of realism is the effect of light upon whatever it touches in the hallway. The light source behind the ladies radiates detail unto an armoire at the beginning of the hallway yet fades. The presence of darkness is not in stark romantic contrast but the effect of less light in a darkened hallway. The figures obviously become more shadowy. Yet as their feet step into the second light source, great detail is placed on the portion of their feet and skirts. This contrast of light, combined with the contrasts of color and balance effect the total composition of the Romantic and Realistic painting. The subjects of realism are very different. .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e , .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e .postImageUrl , .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e , .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e:hover , .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e:visited , .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e:active { border:0!important; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e:active , .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud90a5a636e7eb0cf5d04590d225d661e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fantastic realism EssayRomantic themes appeal to the emotions and are determined by the ideals of the sublime, or sensual liberation, the fantastic, and a German ideal known as Sturm und Drung or storm and stress. Emotional tension is portrayed dramatically in peoples faces and their environments. Another very popular unrealistic Romantic icon is the presence of nudity. The themes of Realism are reactions against Romanticism. They picture the daily life. Picking up fruit, saying good-bye to a friend and interiors of hallways are examples of realistic themes. The contrast is easy to observe with Isabeys Wreck versus Courbets Calm Sea. The tension of diagonal lines against the tall seashore inn combined with the despair on the beached survivors faces create an tumultuous effect. Whereas in the Calm Sea, detail is emphasized on the texture of the inactive sand, the glimmering stillness of the sea and the presence of the clouds. Take Gros Murat and Courbets Bonjour. Murat gloriously tramples and impales the Turkish army, while friends say good bye to each other on a dirt road in Bonjour. Observe Bouchers Daphnis and Chloe 1743 and Adolph William Bauguereaus The Nut Gatherers late 1800s. The bodily outlines of the scantily clad Daphnis and Chloe create diagonals which meet intimately at their faces. Obviously, an overt emphasis on Romance is depicted in this painting: completely comfortable naked youth upon a jagged mountain outcrop. Whereas in Nut Gatherers, two little girls lie down and pick up nuts in a field. Romance is not everyday. Picking up nuts could quite possibly be an everyday activity. Lastly, Bouchers Venus and Mars to John Singer Sargents Venetian Interior. A naked man and women exchange coy glances in a heavenly state surrounded by eleven cherubs playing with harps and military weapons. This is Romantic. Two discontent ladies with no men walk down a hallway arm in arm. I see this almost everyday at school. This is real. The conflict between the ideals of romantic and realistic paintings are not primarily at opposition to each other, yet rather a reflection of the time and culture of the people who painted them. There is great appreciation for both styles and an inherent beauty in both. Their lasting beauty is a testament to the continuing practice of each of the styles today.

Free Essays on Appalachian Poverty

Appalachian Poverty Poverty is a global problem, and it has existed from the beginning of civilization. Hunger, homelessness, and lack of health care are major aspects of this worldwide dilemma. Many countries are in complete poverty and a majority are third-world countries. Within the United States of America, a land of plenty, there are also pockets of extreme poverty. Governments around the world are trying to solve this huge problem. Third world poverty and Appalachian poverty, which occurred in the United States of America, have developed for various reasons, and these situations have led to a great deal of problems. Throughout the world, poverty has plagued all countries. In smaller, under-developed countries many people die from starvation. These countries cannot afford to support their citizens. Due to their financial problems, the people lack proper shelter and clothing to keep themselves warm during cold months. Since they lack adequate shelter and clothing, diseases occur all over. These diseases develop a lot easier with poor nutrition. Once again with more financial problems, health care is limited to none. Lawrence Senesh, the contributor of "Poverty as a Social Problem" from World Book, says poverty is usually caused by the difficulty in holding and even getting a job (650). Ability, education, and skills help determine the kind of job an individual gets (650). Everyone does not have the same physical abilities and mental abilities. Poor health and abilities prevent some people from holding a job. Through science people have been able to hold onto jobs a lot easier (650). It has increased the need for professional workers and lowered the demand for the unskilled (650). So, the people with higher education will get paid a higher income, and people with lower education will get paid a lower income. Changes in economic slumps can often bring poverty. When businesses drop off and ... Free Essays on Appalachian Poverty Free Essays on Appalachian Poverty Appalachian Poverty Poverty is a global problem, and it has existed from the beginning of civilization. Hunger, homelessness, and lack of health care are major aspects of this worldwide dilemma. Many countries are in complete poverty and a majority are third-world countries. Within the United States of America, a land of plenty, there are also pockets of extreme poverty. Governments around the world are trying to solve this huge problem. Third world poverty and Appalachian poverty, which occurred in the United States of America, have developed for various reasons, and these situations have led to a great deal of problems. Throughout the world, poverty has plagued all countries. In smaller, under-developed countries many people die from starvation. These countries cannot afford to support their citizens. Due to their financial problems, the people lack proper shelter and clothing to keep themselves warm during cold months. Since they lack adequate shelter and clothing, diseases occur all over. These diseases develop a lot easier with poor nutrition. Once again with more financial problems, health care is limited to none. Lawrence Senesh, the contributor of "Poverty as a Social Problem" from World Book, says poverty is usually caused by the difficulty in holding and even getting a job (650). Ability, education, and skills help determine the kind of job an individual gets (650). Everyone does not have the same physical abilities and mental abilities. Poor health and abilities prevent some people from holding a job. Through science people have been able to hold onto jobs a lot easier (650). It has increased the need for professional workers and lowered the demand for the unskilled (650). So, the people with higher education will get paid a higher income, and people with lower education will get paid a lower income. Changes in economic slumps can often bring poverty. When businesses drop off and ...

Aspergers, a High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder

Aspergers, a High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Aspergers Syndrome exists at the highest end of the autism spectrum. Children with Aspergers have excellent language and often good academic behavior which may mask the very real difficulties they have in academic situations. Often they are not diagnosed, or diagnosed late in their academic career, because their difficulties in social situations havent stopped them from succeeding academically. Their lack of good social skills and understanding of social interaction eventually inhibit their ability to function in upper elementary and middle school settings, where their academic skills often outshine their social challenges. They are frequently found in inclusive settings because of their ability to function well in academic settings, but challenge the general education teachers who teach them. Areas of High Interest and High Ability The movie Rain Man familiarized the American public with the notion of the idiot savant. Although a fairly infrequent occurrance, savantism may appear in children with autism or with Aspergers Syndrome. The hyper-focus or perseveration on specific top is typical of students diagnosed with Aspergers Syndrome. Children may exhibit exceptional ability in language or math, and may have areas of extraordinary ability. I had one student who could tell you what day of the week your birthday might be in 5 or 10 years without referring to a calendar. Students may also have extraordinary knowledge about a specific topic, such as dinosaurs or vintage movies. This hyperfocus or perseveration may actually be the result of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) which is not uncommon in children with Aspergers disorder. Physicians often can use appropriate medication to help manage the obsessive behavior and help students re-focus on a broader range of information and interests. Social Deficits One of truly human skills that children on the spectrum seem to lack is joint attention, the ability to join with other humans in attending to what they find important. Another deficit is in the area of theory of mind, the innate ability that most human organisms have to project their own emotional and intellectual processes onto other human beings. Early in development, typically developing children respond to their mothers faces and early on learn to respond to their parents moods. Children on the Autism Spectrum do not. Children with Aspergers syndrome often long to develop relationships, especially with peers. Since most children with Aspergers Syndrome are boys, they are especially interested in how to relate to the opposite sex. Many children with disabilities have weak social skills. They all benefit from social skill training, but none as much as children on the autism spectrum. They lack emotional literacy, and need explicit instruction in how to recognize and manage different emotional states. Tantrums are frequent in young children with Aspergers Syndrome, because they do not know how express their frustration nor how to negotiate with parents, siblings or peers. Use your words is often the mantra with students with Aspergers Syndrome, and often the challenge is teach them the skills they need to express their wants and needs. Executive Function Deficits Children with Aspergers Syndrome often have weak Executive Function. Executive function is the cognitive ability to visualize and plan ahead. It includes the short term ability to understand the steps needed to complete a task. Long term it involves the ability to anticipate the many steps that may be required to graduate from high school, to complete a degree, even to follow through on a science fair project. Because these children are often very bright, they may be able over-compensate in elementary or middle school for their lack of ability to visualize, anticipate and prepare for future eventualities. Children with extraordinary potential may end up as the 30 year old still in his or her own bedroom because they have not been able to prioritize and then master each of the steps necessary to get to a final goal. Gross and Fine Motor Skills Students with Aspergers Syndrome often have poor balance and poor gross motor skills. This can become exaggerated as they grow older because they often prefer watching television or using the computer to athletic activities. The preference may come from poor over all coordination rather than a learned preference. These same students may also have poor fine motor skills and may dislike using pencils and scissors. They may be very hard to motivate to writ. Unless students with Aspergers are really motivated to learn to write long hand, they should not be forced to learn to write in cursive. Keyboarding on a computer may also be a better investment of time than stressing handwriting. Academic Deficits Students with Aspergers syndromes often have areas of great strength and areas of academic weakness. Some students have strong academic deficits across the board, from language to math, and are often diagnosed late because their obvious intelligence and academic performance, challenged by deficits in social skills and executive function, struggle to perform in academic settings. English/Language Arts: Often students with strong language may struggle to develop the skills that they need to do well in English and Language Arts. Often they have strong vocabularies, especially when they have strong interests that they have read about. Some students with Aspergers gain strong vocabularies because they script, or repeat entire movies they have heard. Children with Aspergers with strong language skills often exhibit good reading skills, but not always are good readers. Once students reach fourth grade, they are expected to answer higher level thinking questions, such as questions that ask students to synthesize or analyze what they have read (as in Blooms Taxonomy.) They may be able to answer questions at the lowest level, Remember, but not questions that ask them to analyze (What made that a good idea?) or synthesis (If you were Hugo, where would you look?) Because of executive function and short term memory challenges, students with Aspergers syndrome often face challenges with writing. They may have difficulty remembering how to spell, they may forget writing conventions such as punctuation and capitalization, and they may face fine motor challenges that make them reluctant to write. Math: Children with strong language or reading skills may have poor math skills, or vice versa. Some children are savants when it comes to math, memorizing math facts quickly and seeing relationships between numbers and solving problems. Other children may have poor short and long term memory and may struggle with learning math facts. In all or any case, teachers need to learn to recognize students strengths and needs, using strengths to identify ways to approach deficits and build their over all functional and academic skills.

Marks and Spencer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marks and Spencer - Essay Example The above merge resulted to the creation of a union with over three million members (Towers and Terry 1991, p.53). The last two decades a trend for Europeanization of unions has appeared (Towers and Terry 1991). More specifically, unions from various member states have started to be organized at the level of the Union ignoring the national labour systems and laws (Towers and Terry 1991, p.54). An example of this form of union response is the following one: a cooperation/ membership agreement has been signed between ‘the GMB union (Britain) and the IG Chemie-Papier-Keramik (German)’ (Morely et al. 2006, p.77). It is implied that the union responses influence the union types; this result to the increase of union’s power to confront policies which are against the rights of employees. For example, through the research developed by Dreiling and Robinson it was revealed that certain unions in USA and Canada were stronger than others in confronting NAFTA (Dreiling and Ro binson 1998), a fact which was related to the types of the unions (Dreiling and Robinson 1998). On the other hand, it has been proved that trade unions are not so strong in order to face effectively the challenges of globalisation (Dolvik 2001). In the case under examination of particular importance is a specific category of union response: Europeanization. Indeed, since Marks and Spencer is established in UK the labour laws of UK should be used for resolving the dispute between the firm and its employees in France. However, it should be examined whether the unions in France had the right and the potential to cooperate with unions in Britain so that the rights of employees in the firm’s stores in France to be protected. According to Platzer (2010) the EU Reform Treaty of 2007 (Lisbon) emphasizes on the promotion of social rights and highlights the power of the EU to intervene in order to secure employment rights of people in member states (Platzer 2010). Therefore, the develo pment of a strategic alliance between the unions in France and those in Britain would be an initiative aligned with the existing European law on industrial relations. Under these terms, top managers in Marks and Spencer cannot ignore the trade unions in France, which could ensure the support of other European countries so that the rules of the above Treaty are applied. A different assumption would be developed if the study of Kip (2011) is taken into consideration. The above researcher notes that still, the most critical arrangements related to employment relations are developed at national level (Kip 2011), i.e. it seems that European Union is not, still, ready to support effectively the unions wishing to cooperate at European level. According to the above view, the decision of top managers in Marks and Spencer to use the British labour laws for resolving labour disputes in regard to their stores in France is considered as justified. It seems that the courts handling the case have accepted the second view; even if at a first instance the court’s decision was negative for Marks and Spencer, the firm managed to support the case effectively at the next level, an effort, which was successful; when reviewing the case at the next level, the court decided that the decision should be overruled (case study, p.39). A2. The infrastructure of Unionism and common interests Trade unionism is

Comparison of Shakespearean Adaptations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison of Shakespearean Adaptations - Essay Example The 1996 film entitled â€Å"Twelfth Night† and the more recent adaptation of the Shakespearean story, entitled â€Å"She’s the Man†, are two great movies showing how the story is told in the modern era. The two films use different techniques which are obviously made not only for entertainment but for different audiences as well. In this paper, the films will be compared and contrasted according to audience, plot, telling of the story, revelation of character, conflict, opposing forces and camera angles. â€Å"Twelfth Night† did not change much of the Shakespearean story when it comes to the setting and the use of the old English language. This makes the film look and sound very Elizabethan. It has been created for audiences who appreciate the great works of the genius and would rather watch adaptations set in a theatrical manner. The film presents the performers having long and boring conversations that viewers really have to listen intently for them to b e able to follow and understand the story. On the contrary, â€Å"She’s the Man† has been created for the modern viewer who appreciates not only the story but also the use of technological advancements. The conversations are short and scenes change more often than the former movie. There is a lot of editing made which makes the film more interesting and there is also a modification of the story to match modern settings for it to be more believable, considering the modern culture in America. â€Å"Twelfth Night† tells the story of a woman, Viola and her identical twin brother, Sebastian, who thought they have lost each other in a shipwreck. To get to the man she loves, Viola acts as a man and names herself Cesario. She then becomes the trusted friend of Count Orsino, the love of her life. However, the count was hopelessly in love with the beautiful Olivia and he asks his new friend to persuade the woman for him. Contrary to what was expected, Olivia fell in love with the disguised Viola. Meanwhile, Sebastian has come to town with a friend who rescued him during the shipwreck and when Viola/ Cesario was fighting with another admirer of Olivia, Sebastian’s friend came along, saving the pitiful young woman. When the admirer went after Cesario, he found Sebastian instead who courageously fought Olivia’s admirer. When Olivia came out, the other men dispersed and Sebastian and Olivia were left behind. Overwhelmed and naturally attracted by Olivia’s beauty, the man followed the woman to the priest without question and they got married. However, just after a few moments, Count Orsino and Cesario came and all the characters met at the front of Olivia’s house and the twins came to realize that they both survived the shipwreck after all. Count Orsino learns that his trusted friend loves him and proposes that she become his mistress and the comedy ends with the conflicts being settled. â€Å"She’s the Man† pres ents a different story without getting rid of all the important elements of the story. Viola is a part of a women’s soccer team at Cornwall which gets cut. Due to her love for the sports, the young lady cannot accept what happened and proposes that they join the men’s team. However, that is not allowed. Meanwhile, trying to escape his mother, Viola’s identical twin brother tells her his plans and asks her to do something for him in order to cover for his absences in school. Viola then comes with the bright idea of taking the place of his brother while he is away in order for her to get to the soccer team and she does so quite successfully. However, she fell in love with his roommate, Duke who was so deeply in love with the school’s hottest girl, Olivia. The woman on the other hand falls in love with the sensitive Viola/Sebastian but since s/he showed no interest in the woman, Duke asks

Analysis of Conspiracy Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Conspiracy Essay Within two hours the senior officials seem to casually discuss the most practical way of eliminating the Jewish race and conclude with the final policy solution. The film is based on the Wannsee protocol or the minutes the document which is authored by Adolf Eichmann and the document was found 1947 by Robert Kemper. The film is dramatized for entertainment purposes, meaning that it is not fully accurate because the creators tended to take certain liberties in making the film. Although at the end it is stated that the film ‘is based on a true story, with some scenes, events, and characters created or changed for dramatic purposes’. The issue still remains that most people tend to take films at face value, and do not bother doing further research about the topic at hand also the ending credits to do make that much of a difference to those people. The film as a historical source faces some limitations because it runs for ninety minutes when focusing on issue as deep as the origins of the final solutions, ninety minutes is not enough time to go into depth. The film would have been more valuable as a historical source if it had involved itself more in the debate of the origins of the final solution. However, film makers have a different duty from Historians their purpose is to entertain and not educate. The strongest limitation is the dialogue which is actually quiet misleading, because Pierson dramatizes it for entertainment purpose and it is mostly fictional. Eichmann stated in his testimony in 1962 that the last twenty minutes of the meeting were words like extermination and liquidation were used was removed from the official summary and summed in one sentence. Pierson and Mandel fail to analyse the document that the film is based on ‘minutes’ rather it summaries and add on fictional scenes for entertainment. For example in film Kritzinger protests against the idea of extermination because Hitler had promised him that this would not become a state policy. We also see another fictional scene where Heydrick pressures other senior officials Kritzinger and Stuckart to support him during the meeting there evidences suggests that he did not need to pressure them because he was powerful. During the first part of the meeting the senior officials discuss various solutions to the Jewish question, sterilisation of those with Jewish blood is discussed, and here the division between the politicians and the military can be seen. In the second part of the meeting the atmosphere becomes more serious when Heydrick suggests gas chambers and the rest of the men find out that S. S have already begun building extermination camps. The film should have clarified that Jews were already being murdered on an organised scale, Pierson slightly neglected that point. Film makers’ face the same problems Historians face when using the Wannsee protocol document, it is very open to interpretation when translated into English. Holocaust deniers have used the document to argue that Hitler had no involvement in the planning or implementing the final solution. Furthermore, Holocaust denier David Irving has argued the Wannsee conference was about immigration of the Jews, when testify during his trial he pointed that words such ‘killing’ or extermination of the Jews were not used in the conference. However in the film words like kill or exterminate were used, which is another inaccuracy because in the actual document killing euphemism are used instead. However Eichmann did confirm in his 1962 trail that after the meeting had ended the men became less restrained and freely discussed killing methods however this was deleted the official summary and replaced with one sentence. The film overplays the role of the Wannsee conference; Gerlach argues that the meeting occurred not to discuss the fate of Jews in Europe but for Heydrick to seek support from other senior officials. The conference was originally schedule for the 9th of December but happened on the 20th of January giving Heydrick time to prepare the new task based Hitler’s ‘basic decision’. Unlike other Historical source the film industry seem to have shallow research which it tends to exaggerate, this is one of the issues with this film. For this film to be an adequate historical source it should have not put so much emphasis on the conference and also focused to the prior events. Also the film does not address Hitler’s role in the final solution, most historical sources on this topic have done so, and Hitler’s role is one most controversial aspects of this topic. The relevance of the conference is widely debated amongst scholars, with conventional Historian arguing that the murdering of Jews had begun at the latest in December 1941 long before the conference. When focusing on the origins of the final solution the film gives an inaccurate perspective because although it mentions that the extermination camps were being built it fails to mention a mobile version of the gas chamber was already in use. In June 1941 the Soviet Union territory that was under Germany saw Jewish men of military age being executed by special mobile forces. On the 8th December an SS command unit used gas vans to kill Jews from neighbouring districts of Wartherland, clearly the preparations of the final solution began before the Wannsee conference. Clearly the final solution was already in place before the conference so there is no need place too much emphasis on it like Pierson. In conclusion, overall this a good film however if it is used as a historical source it should not be taken at face value. It is very good in delving into the bizarre Nazi psychology and behaviour and sophisticatedly highlights how their belief of the Nazi ideology had led them to dehumanise the Jews.

History of the West Nile Virus Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical Dis

History of the West Nile Virus Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus that is transmitted by mosquitoes. It has been found in humans, birds, and other animals, typically in Africa, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East. In 1999, WNV was detected in the United States for the first time, and since then it has spread across the U.S. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 15,000 people in the U.S. have tested positive for the WNV infection since 1999, including over 500 deaths. Many more people have likely been infected with WNV, but have experienced mild or no symptoms. What is the history of the West Nile virus? West Nile virus is an emerging infectious disease that can cause encephalitis (inflammation of brain tissue) and or meningitis (swelling of the tissue that encloses the brain and spinal cord). West Nile virus is a newly emergent virus of the family Flaviviridae, found in both tropical and temperate regions. Its group is classified in Group IV (gram(+) single stranded, RNA). Its genus is Flavivirus. It?s commonly found in Africa, West Asia, the Middle East, and more recently; North America. It may result to serious illnesses if not reported to the hospital in time. Knowing its history, how it?s transmitted, symptoms, treatment, and prevention will probably keep one from getting it. In 1937, West Nile virus was first discovered in a feverish woman in the West Nile district of Uganda in Central Africa. The virus became recognized as a cause of severe human Meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the spinal cord and brain) in elderly patients during an outbreak in Israel in 1957. In the early 1960?s, Eastern Equine Encephalitis (affecting horses) was first found in Egypt and France (We... ... people may need to go to the hospital where they can receive supportive treatment including intravenous fluids, help with breathing, and nursing care. To help prevent WNV: Empty plastic wading pools at least once a week or store in a position that water will drain. Make sure your backyard pool is maintained properly. It is though that once a person has recovered from WNV, they are immune for life to future infections with WNV. This immunity may decrease over time or with health conditions that compromise the immune system. As long as people get older or immune system is weak you may end up getting it again. This is very important because just to know if people can get it again when there immunity isn?t work very good. The U.S. government and its citizens should care WNV 4 because there is no vaccine to cure it or it can mutate and get even harder to fight it off.

Bio Lab

The reactions and Results of Using Enzyme Turnip Root Peroxidase Lab results from: Andrew Compton, Mickey. Results published 9/29/2012. TA: In this series of laboratory experiments, my lab partner and I were to conduct an experiment about the oxidation rate of the enzyme peroxidase in the presence of its substrate guiacol. Also we used other substrates, such as hydroxylamine an enzyme inhibitor, to observe the weather the reaction rate was slowed down, sped up, or stopped reactions all together.These results were recorded by taking the materials in a test tube, then inserting them into a spectrophotometer to record the oxidation (intensity of color change from clear to reddish-brown) over a course of two minutes to observe color change. After all of the experiments that we ran we could conclude the enzyme oxidation rate (mmoles/min) depending on the amount of each product that was used in a single cubit test tube. The following materials and Concepts were used to achieve oxidized/non -oxidized guaiacol: Boiled peroxidase (show the results of denatured enzymes/proteins when guaiacol is added) * Guaiacol (toxic substrate, common byproduct of cellular respiration) * Hydroxylamine (an extremely toxic carcinogen that is an enzyme inhibitor to peroxidase) * Peroxidase (enzyme from Turnip Root) * PH buffer of PH? * Spectrophotometer (record results of oxidation rate over two minutes. The main objective of this lab was to observe the activity of enzyme peroxidase in real time under different experimental conditions. To see how peroxidase reacts with its substrate guaiacol under different conditions.We measure the amount of substances per test tube and then combine all of them together. Each test tube contains a measured amount of any listed substances including H? O. Each measured amount of peroxidase along with its substrate guaiacol, and other listed substances will show how actively the enzyme oxidizes the substrate. To measure the amount of oxidized substrate (amoun t of Hydrogen and electrons removed from guaiacol). As the measured substances are quickly and properly added to the test tubes, the test tube is then quickly inserted into the spectrophotometer.Then the results of oxidized guaiacol was measured and recorded over a course of two minutes. This allows us to digitally use precise measurements on how intense the color oxidation has become. Peroxidase, a common enzyme within many forms of life, helps catalyze the detoxification reaction of H? O?. H? O? is a common toxic byproduct of cellular respiration. One such substrate of H? O? is guiacol, a compound that my partner and I used during this experiment. As a result of the guiacol being oxidized, a reddish-brown color is formed indicating oxidized guaiacol has been formed.However, if a substrate inhibitor such as hydroxylamine inhibits the guaiacol by competing for the activation site most likely preventing color change. Therefore, depending on the amount of peroxidase, hydroxylamine, an d guaiacol in a cuvette, it will determine activity of guaiacol oxidation. Each experiment required a specific amount of substances within a cuvette. After each test tube is filled with all of the samples, the cuvette is immediately covered with perafilm and inserted in the spectrophotometer to be recorded for guaiacol oxidation rate over two minutes (A/min).Once the (A/min) was recorded, those results were then calculated to find the graph equation of reactions per minute. By finding the equation we took the change in 20 seconds multiplied by 3(seconds) in order to give us our results on graphs. Experiment one was to measure the oxidation depending on the concentration of peroxidase in five separate cuvettes. Also, it was to see what the effects of a concentrated amount of denatured enzymes (boiled enzyme) has on its substrate in a separate cuvette. The enzyme solutions were prepared as described on page 5 of the Lab Handout. Experiment two was to measure the effect of pH on peroxi dase activity.Using buffers pH3, 5, 7, and 9 the same amount of water, enzymes, and substrate was added to each solution. The amount of each substance is given on page 6 of the lab handout. Experiment three was to measure the effect of substrate concentration instead of peroxidase concentration from experiment one. Four test tubes are to each have different concentrations of guaiacol to see how much oxidation occurs. The amount of each substrate is given in page 7 of the lab manual. The fourth experiment required the results of oxidation levels with the presence of hydroxylamine. It was to dd specific amounts of inhibitor hydroxylamine to two cuvettes in given amounts. Ex1 test tube| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| A/min| 0. 816| 0. 039| 1. 65| 0. 594| 0. 606| ?L Enzyme| 150| 0| 350| 50| 25| Experiment one shows that, as the enzyme concentration is increased, in A/Min. Meaning the more the enzyme the more oxidation that tends to occur. Ex 2 test tube| 6| 1| 7| 8| pH| 3| 5| 7| 9| A/min| 0. 093| 0. 81 6| 0. 672| 0. 021| Experiment two shows what rate of activity is shown with different levels of pH. The graph concludes that the neutral pH of 7 shows the optimal rate of A/min oxidation. Ex 3 Test tube| 1| 9| 10| 11| 12|A/min| 0. 816| 0. 729| 0. 516| 0. 315| 1. 551| substrate ? L| 500| 300| 200| 100| 1000| In experiment three, guaiacol concentration is changed to show the different amounts of oxidation reactions or A/min. The graph concludes that cuvette twelve that contains the highest concentration of substrate. Will create the highest amount of oxidation reactions. Ex4 Test tube| 13| 14| 1*| A/min| 1. 473| 1. 758| 0. 816| Inhibitor| 500| 100| 0| Experiment number four was supposed to show the negative effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme. The experiment shows invalid results. However, if the results were accurate, the 500?L concentration of hydroxylamine should have produced the least amount of a/min. The main objective within the experiments is to determine the activity rate of oxidation. With the instructions given, we are to predict how each reaction will occur. Weather there be a small amount of reactions, major amounts of reactions or none at all. In experiment one our results showed that the higher concentration of an enzyme the higher the activity of reactions occurred with the substrate. The experiment was to show if the concentration of enzyme would have a major effect in reaction activity if the amount of substrate stayed the same.From the results, you can clearly see that the enzyme activity was at its most optimal when at 200uL. However, the denatured enzymes had hardly any activity because they aren’t natured proteins. Also, cuvette 3 showed that even with an extremely high concentration of enzyme it still does not have as high of activity rate because of the chances it will combine with its substrate is low because of the amount of H2O. Experiment two was to see what level of pH buffer was the most optimal for enzyme activity with its s ubstrate. The results of the experiment showed that the enzyme was most optimal at pH 7.Since pH 7 is a neutral pH, it shows that the other pH’s that are basic or acidic tend to hinder the activity of the enzyme activity. Weather donating H+ or adding H+. Experiment three was the opposite of experiment one. It was to see what the effects of substrate concentration had on peroxidase activity. From the spectrophotometer results, the most optimal activity rate occurred with 1000uL of substrate. With cuvette twelve being the highest amount of activity, this shows that the more substrate you have creates an even faster rate of activity with the same amount of enzyme in any cuvette.The more substrate the more of a chance there is to react with the enzyme. Experiment four was the only one containing peroxidase’s competitive inhibitor hydroxylamine. Hydroxylamine is an inhibitor therefore it is supposed to either stop or slow the activity rate of enzymes. Cuvette 13 had a high er concentration of hydroxylamine. Therefore, the higher concentration of hydroxylamine the less enzyme oxidation activity is occurring, and more competitive inhibitors are attaching to peroxidase. Overall, these experiments show what amounts of concentrations have on enzyme oxidation activity upon its substrate, what temperature/pH is ctivity most optimal in, and what shows how much an inhibitor can affect an enzymes reactivity rate. With increasing enzyme concentration, there was more of a chance for it to come into contact with its substrate therefore increasing activity. However, enzyme activity will slowly diminish once the substrate has been oxidized. On the other hand, if you have an extreme amount of substrate. The experiment shows that the reaction rate is much higher due to the amount of oxidation occurring. These experiments had to be done a few times to receive valid results.The spectrophotometer had varying A/min and the test called for constant changes in variation of substance measurements to receive valid results. Also, the whole laboratory experiment for experiment number four was invalid. The hydroxylamine was tainted and therefore unable to inhibit peroxidase. Therefore, giving invalid results. In this lab, we investigated how much substrate and enzyme concentration affected the rate of oxidation reaction. We investigated what the optimal pH was for basic enzyme activity/guaiacol oxidation, and what happens when an inhibitor is added to an even solution of enzyme and substrate.We can conclude that substrate and enzyme concentrations are most optimal when one is much higher than the other. However, higher substrate concentration showed that the activity is higher due to the likelihood of reactions with its enzyme. Also, even amounts of enzymes and substrate shows highest activity rates when at a neutral pH instead of in a more basic or acidic solution. The enzyme inhibitors clearly show the slowing of activity rate when more of it is applied to a solution of enzymes and substrate.The relationships of all of these procedures was to show us under what conditions does the oxidation of guaiacol from enzymes become most optimal, and what has the highest reactivity rates. References Campbell, N and Reese, J. B (2006) Biology, p. 142-149, Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco CA Marrs, K (2007) K101 Laboratory Manual, Ex. 5 â€Å"Characterization of Turnip Root Peroxidase† KhanAcademy (2012) â€Å"Oxidation and reduction cellular respiration† http://www. khanacademy. org/science/biology/cellular-respiration/v/oxidation-and-reduction-in-cellular-respiration.

Introduction to Spectrophotometry Essay

This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual. This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual. This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual. This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual. This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual. This lab will teach me how to use a spectrophotometer. The use of the spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of solute. The solute being measured must be colored and is determined based on the adsorption of light photons on a wavelength. The spectrophotometer uses a beam of light that strikes the diffraction grating that basically forms of prism of light. Then only a specific wavelength of light shines through the spectrophotometer and interacts with the solute. The light that continues past the solute hits the phototube. The spectrophotometer then digitally shows the amount of units that have been absorbed or transmitted. Transmittance is the amount of light that gets through the sample. This is shown as a percent of all the possible light that could’ve gotten through. Absorbance is the opposite of transmittance and the reciprocal of it. This shows how much light got trapped in the solute. In this lab we will use a few different solutions in the spectrophotometer to get a basic feel on how it works. We will record the absorbance as well as do calculations using mean and standard deviation. We will then graph our results and compare them with the class values of the three unknown Methylene blue samples. At the end of the lab the actual concentrations of each unknown will be shared. We will then compare how accurate and precise our results are with the actual.

Gender Roles in Same-Sex Relationships and our Countrys Res essays

Gender Roles in Same-Sex Relationships and our Countrys Res essays Gay rights have been an issue for many years. Although there is much progress being made on eliminating the discrimination of gays, one issue still remains: marriage. Society has become more accepting of same sex marriages; however, most of society still views same sex relationships as morally wrong. It is a life-style that is practiced by millions which has touched all levels of society including the well educated, the sophisticated, the business and industries, and even the government. Many homosexuals become devious as they attempt to cover up their behavior, and fear of discovery becomes an obsession and a heavy load of guilt is carried by many as they realize the moral implications of the practice. Such behavior cannot be dismissed simply as an alternate life-style or a different sexual orientation. Neither can it be argued that any gay person was born this way. The establishment and perpetuation of the human race through the sexual union of a man and a woman is the basis for our society, consisting of a father, mother, and a child. If gay marriage beco mes legal, it would go against every family value that this country was founded on. Furthermore, we as a society are still fighting to understand the legal theory of a gays rights law. We have decided, for instance, that racial equality is so important weve given up our freedom to discriminate against another person on the basis of race. That decision is widely supported by the American people. We have similar laws banning discrimination on the basis of gender, national origin, or religion. This does not mean that homosexuals should not have rights as individuals. On the contrary, they should have equal rights with everyone. Democracy is about expanding the rights of individuals. While collective action and strong government are essential in securing the blessings of liberty, the rights of the individual are the foundation of ...

Cement and Concrete - An Overview

Cement and Concrete - An Overview If you think of bricks as artificial rocks, cement might be considered artificial lava- a liquid stone that is poured into place where it hardens into solidity. Cement and Concrete Many people talk about cement when they mean concrete. Cement is a fine-grained compound that turns into a solid when mixed with water. Cement is used to bind mixtures of materials into a composite solid.Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, and gravel. That is, cement is the glue of concrete. Now that thats clear, lets talk about cement. Cement begins with lime. Lime, the First Cement Lime is a substance used since ancient times to make useful things like plaster and mortar. Lime is made by burning, or calcining, limestone- and thats how limestone gets its name. Chemically, lime is calcium oxide (CaO) and is made by roasting calcite (CaCO3) to drive off carbon dioxide (CO2). That CO2, a greenhouse gas, is produced in great quantities by the cement industry. Lime is also called quicklime or calx (from Latin, where we also get the word calcium). In old murder mysteries, quicklime is sprinkled on victims to dissolve their bodies because it is very caustic. Mixed with water, lime slowly turns into the mineral portlandite in the reaction CaO H2O Ca(OH)2. Lime is generally slaked, that is, mixed with an excess of water so it stays fluid. Slaked lime continues to harden over a period of weeks. Mixed with sand and other ingredients, slaked lime cement can be packed between stones or bricks in a wall (as mortar) or spread over the surface of a wall (as render or plaster). There, over the next several weeks or longer, it reacts with CO2 in the air to form calcite again- artificial limestone! Concrete made with lime cement is known from archaeological sites in both the New and Old World, some more than 5000 years old. It works extremely well in dry conditions. It has two drawbacks: Lime cement takes a long time to cure, and while the ancient world had lots of time, today time is money.Lime cement does not harden in water but stays soft, that is, it is not a hydraulic cement. So there are situations where it cannot be used. Ancient Hydraulic Cement The Pyramids of Egypt are said to contain a hydraulic cement based on dissolved silica. If that 4500-year-old formula can be confirmed and revived, it would be a great thing. But todays cement has a different pedigree that is still quite ancient. Around 1000 BCE, the ancient Greeks were the first to have a lucky accident, mixing lime with fine volcanic ash. Ash can be thought of as naturally calcined rock, leaving silicon in a chemically active state like the calcium in calcined limestone. When this lime-ash mixture is slaked, a whole new substance is formed: calcium silicate hydrate or what cement chemists call C-S-H (approximately SiCa2O4Â · xH2O). In 2009, researchers using numerical modeling came up with the exact formula: (CaO)1.65(SiO2)(H2O)1.75. C-S-H is still a mysterious substance today, but we know it is an amorphous gel without any set crystalline structure. It hardens fast, even in water. And it is more durable than lime cement. The ancient Greeks put this new cement to use in new and valuable ways, building concrete cisterns that survive to this day. But Roman engineers mastered the technology and constructed seaports, aqueducts and temples of concrete as well. Some of these structures are as good as ever today, two thousand years later. But the formula for Roman cement was lost with the fall of the Roman empire. Modern research continues to uncover useful secrets from the ancients, such as the unusual composition of Roman concrete in a breakwater built in 37 BCE, which promises to help us save energy, use less lime and produce less CO2. Modern Hydraulic Cement While lime cement continued in use throughout the Dark and Middle Ages, true hydraulic cement was not rediscovered until the late 1700s. English and French experimenters learned that a calcined mixture of limestone and claystone could be made into hydraulic cement. One English version was dubbed Portland cement for its resemblance to the white limestone of the Isle of Portland, and the name soon extended to all cement made by this process. Shortly thereafter, American makers found clay-bearing limestones that yielded excellent hydraulic cement with little or no processing. This cheap natural cement made up the bulk of American concrete for most of the 1800s, and most of it came from the town of Rosendale in southern New York. Rosendale was practically a generic name for natural cement, although other manufacturers were in Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Kentucky. Rosendale cement is in the Brooklyn Bridge, the U.S. Capitol building, most 19th-century military buildings, the base of the Statue of Liberty and many other places. With the rising need to maintain historic structures using historically appropriate materials, Rosendale natural cement is being revived. True portland cement slowly gained popularity in America as standards advanced and the pace of building quickened. Portland cement is more expensive, but it can be made anywhere the ingredients can be assembled instead of relying on a lucky rock formation. It also cures faster, an advantage when building skyscrapers a floor at a time. Todays default cement is some version of portland cement. Modern Portland Cement Today limestone and clay-containing rocks are sintered- roasted together at nearly melting temperature- at 1400Â ° to 1500Â °C. The product is a lumpy mixture of stable compounds called clinker. Clinker contains iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) as well as silicon and calcium, in four main compounds: Alite (Ca3SiO5)Belite (Ca2SiO4), known to geologists as larniteAluminate (Ca3Al2O6)Ferrite (Ca2AlFeO5) Clinker is ground to powder and mixed with a small amount of gypsum, which slows down the hardening process. That is Portland cement. Making Concrete Cement is mixed with water, sand, and gravel to make concrete. Pure cement is useless because it shrinks and cracks; its also much more expensive than sand and gravel. As the mixture cures, four main substances are produced: C-S-HPortlanditeEttringite (Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12Â · 26H2O; includes some Fe)Monosulfate ([Ca2(Al,Fe)(OH)6] Â · (SO4,OH,etc) Â · xH2O) The details of all this are an intricate specialty, making concrete as sophisticated a technology as anything in your computer. Yet basic concrete mix is practically stupid-proof, simple enough for you and me to use.

Human Resource Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Resource Management - Assignment Example Employees have started relating their career success in terms of their upward mobility in the organization. The major vehicle for climbing up the ladder is the promotional system of the organization. The study would mainly focus on promotional decisions of the organization and present different facets of promotional system in the companies. Stumpf and London (1981) had developed a representation that included the influence of the organization and the individuals on the promotion decisions. It also involved the types of promotion decisions, such as potential of the individuals, performance level, etc. Later Stumpf and London (1981), found that the promotional decisions should be based on the potential ratings of the employee. The other research states that there are many other informal and formal criteria of evaluation for taking the promotional decisions based on the ability and the seniority (Halaby, 1978; Mills, 1985). Other features like performance, education and demographic char acteristics also matter in this case (Taylor, 1975). The two major inputs considered by most of the organization for taking promotional decisions are potential of the employee and the performance. Still the question remains unanswered, as how can we understand that an employee has potential. The well-designed tool for the measurement of potential can be done at the assessment center. According to the results from a study, bad hiring and poor promotion in organizations are increasing and about 51 percent of the survey respondents in the survey agreed to the fact. Poor promotion decisions include undeserved promotions, favoritism, etc. Among all the reasons that can be stated for poor promotion decisions, favoritism is the most common. In US, about 92 percent agreed that favoritism takes place in almost all large organizations. 75 percent have witnessed this and about 23 percent have practiced this. The surprising element is that about 83 percent executives agreed that favoritism lead s to poor promotion decisions, yet they follow it blindly. The promotion decisions include searching competencies of the employee to fit in to the new job profile and match up to the manager's expectations. However, it is difficult to identify competencies. Managers face the dilemma while selecting the appropriate candidate. If they consider new candidates or even the existing employees, they have to evaluate, assess and monitor their performance and potentials. This is a time taking and laborious method, though the most efficient one. In this scenario poor promotion decision-making creeps in. Ineffective promotion can increase the inefficiency of the organization as well. Poor Promotional decisions can rouse suspicion, and fear among the employees. For example, promotions given to those employees who have good relation with the upper management are often seen in organizations. When such employees are given promotion, they might threaten the managers to complain against them to the members of the top level management. It can also become a major issue for discrimination. After considering the significance of promotional decisions and the general factors that affect the poor promotional decisions in the organization, further study on the issues related to poor promotion decisions would be done in context of Peter Principle. Peter Principles states that the individua

Contemporary Issues in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Issues in Business - Essay Example These approaches evidently require some changes in order to finally establish a relevant achievement rate on the part of an organisation. However, in implementing them, there are difficulties that organisations have had in the past when trying to implement new approaches to performance improvement in business management operations. The work at hand tries to provide TQM and BPR as common examples of modern business approaches which have had high failure rates with the discussion why this took place and its probable impact on the attempts of companies to become lean. In reality, organisations are very able to make changes in the way they operate or when they introduce new systems. This is evident in the idea that every organisation has relevant management system that they follow or initiate. In fact, in the presence of tough competition, organisations have felt the necessity to do the right thing, in order for them to establish a market share and remain in the competition. Doing the right thing, in modern time means embracing change. This allows the organisation to do what is essential. In fact, there are various organisations at present that try to implement new business approaches such as TQM and BPR. However, in implementing these, it is also evident that organisations face remarkable difficulties too. These difficulties in general are in line with how the organisations operate, how they will implement the actual new approaches or changes and how they will evaluate and initiate the necessary corrective measures or control. These are some of t he most important issues that the work at hand specifically emphasises. In the first place, some difficulties when organisations need to change the way they operate include finding the right actual approach on how the human resource should respond to change. For instance, changing the basic outlook and orientation of

The History and Future of Social Networking Research Paper

The History and Future of Social Networking - Research Paper Example Apart from this, they may make use of the additional services offered online, such as joining of groups or communities. Social networks are mostly established over the World Wide Web and give the users an opportunity to interact with each other, via messaging, email and sharing of pictures or videos. Often in scenarios, online community service may also fall under the aforementioned banner, as they tend to be group-centered. Social networking sites may give birth to new innovations and ideas amongst people. Body There are numerous types of social networking sites or services; however the most common types are those which allow the users to connect with friends maintain categories and introduce recommendations. Most of the social networking sites are based in America and include the likes of Facebook, Google Plus. Linked In and Twitter are used globally by billions of people, across the globe (Meyerson, 2010, p.141). It must be noted that the authorities have carried out several effor ts at homogenizing the social networking service. These steps were taken in order to reduce duplication on the social networking sites. In the year 2011, the results of a survey showed that more than forty seven percent of the Americans were avid users of social networking sites and services. ... The conception of social networking services was done through the Bulletin Board System. The Bulletin Board System was a software that permitted the users to connect to the system, making use of the respective program, making communication effective. However, the Bulletin Board System proved rather ineffective in the longer run, as connections could not be established through longer distances and it was expensive in cost. Before the Internet could come into limelight as the sole medium for social networking services, there were other avenues that opened along the way too. CompuServe was one of such initiatives, introduced in the 1970s and later made public during the 1980s decade. This service permitted its members to have access to news and events across the world. They also enjoyed the liberty of sharing files and pictures with each other, sending instant messages via email and joining the discussion forums of CompuServe. â€Å"But if there is a true precursor to today’s so cial networking sites, it was likely spawned under the AOL umbrella. In many ways, and for many people, AOL was the Internet before the Internet, and its member-created communities, complete with searchable â€Å"Member Profiles,† in which users would list pertinent details about themselves, were arguably the service’s most fascinating, forward-thinking feature† (Goble, 2012). The year 1995, gave birth to the revolution in the Internet industry with the evolution of websites, such as Yahoo, Amazon and MSN, which were to set the foundations of the current social networking strata in the world. The social networking services have observed an emerging trend in the recent past. These social bookmarking websites are increasing in numbers day after day, every day a new website is launched